Scientific name - Mangifera indica L.

Popular names - mango, mango tree, spring tree, Cupid's favorite, Cuckoo joy, Kang, IDELE, mago, manako, manggo I, extensive mangko, bucks, Mangu, manguier, mangueira, Pahoa, svaay, tharye, xoai.

Distribution - grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, from sea level to 1200 m altitude. A native of tropical Asia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.

Description - evergreen tree, 15-30 m tall (3.10 m culture). Leaves simple, without stipele, alternate, petiolate 1.12 cm long, limb oblong, top acuminata or round, glossy dark green upper face and lower face glauca pale green, leaves are reddish. Blossom terminal, panic, 60 cm long, pubescent. Hermaphrodite flowers are small (5-10 mm), 4.5 SEPA, ovata, pubescent, 4.5-lanceolata petals oblong, pubescent; do2 stamens of 4-5 would be fertile. Male flowers are similar but not hermaphrodite pistil. Fruit drupe, round to oblong ovat, 50 g - 2 kg at maturity are yellow-orange, smooth texture - fibrous, edible needs 3-6 months to mature. Seeds, fruit contains a single seed, monoembrionica or poliembrionica. 2n = 40.

Growth rate - faster, 1.5 m per year in urban conditions.

Tolerances - all soil types, temperatures up to 0 ˚ C, drought and wind. Regenerate quickly after fires. Not tolerate marine aerosols. Tolerate mowing.

Requirements - prefers moist soil with pH 5.5-7.5 and temperature of 24-27 ˚ C, sunny places.

Management - regular watering during periods of drought and during flowering and fructificarii. If foliage is pale green or yellow, be applied nutrients, 0.5-2 kg 1-2 times per year. Skimsbranches it is only if you want to control crown width of up to 15-30 m Instead of dry branches should be clipped inside the crown.

Propagation - by seeds and vegetative method. Collect seeds while they are in full maturity. For best germination, remove endocarp careful not to cut seed. Seed viability is reduced from infection if not removed from the fruit before ripening fruit. After removing the endocarp is introduced into water for 24 hours before planting. Are planted at 2 inches deep in well drained soil, shade, after the appearance plantulelor can keep in full sun. The transplanteaza spring leaf is reduced device to stabilize the root canal system.

The best method of grafting is in V, after grafting, remove leaves to reduce sweat, instead of grafting is protected with plastic sleeves and is pastored to 5-10 ˚ C.

Diseases and pests - Aulacaspis tubercularis, Ceroplastrs Rubens, Chlumetia euthysticha, Penicillaria jocosatrix, Phenacaspis dilated, Phenacaspis Cockerell. Bactrocera dorsaila, Dacus spp., And Pardalaspis sp. lay their eggs in ripe fruit and the larvae make tunnels and feed their heart not the finger. Sternochetus mangiferae, Sternochetus gravis enter seeds, but does not damage the fruit, in samnata larvae destroy cotiledoanele.

Gloeosporiodies Colletotrichum fungus that causes damage flowers, fruit and leaves, wet conditions during the flourishing help developing bean, when the fruit reaches 4 cm in diameter has a protection mechanism against the bean, but in the process of baking, the mechanism falls and infection with bean develop.

Elsinoe mangiferae fungus, which attacks leaves, stems and green fruit (immature). +

Xanthomonas campestris is a car diseaseattacked leaves and fruits, lesions appear on leaves black edges gray lesions on fruit at first appear as small spots, iregulate.

Cultivars and varieties - 'Ah-Ping' is 450-900 g fruit, yellow, seed monoembrionica, 'Fairchild' 150-340 g fruit, yellow-green with orange seed poliembrionica, 'Haden' 500-700 g fruit, yellow with bright red, seed monoembrionica, 'Mallika' moderately vigorous tree, 280-450 g fruit, yellow to orange, 'Pope' fruit 250-450 g, verge-yellow with red-pink seed monoembrionica, 'Rosa' tree medium size grows slowly, fruit yellow to red-pink, 'Van Dyke' moderately vigorous tree, 250-520 g fruit, yellow-orange; monoembrionica seed.

Properties and uses - can be used in tropical gardens where and build, or in the composition of protective fences against vantuluand (but in this case production and fruit quality decreases). For a culture of mango, distance between arrowroot should be at least 12 x 12 m, 70 trees / ha.

The fruit is consumed for nutritional properties but also for medicinal properties. The roots and bark are astringent, antisifilitice, vulnerare, antiemetic and anti-inflammatory. The leaves are astringent, refreshing and stiptice. The flowers are astringent, refreshing and stiptice.

In some parts of India, the seeds are cooked and eaten, decoction of dry bark is used for diabetics. Leaves are edible if they are cooked.

In Samoa, an infusion of bark is used for infections in children.

In Tonga, an infusion of mango leaves, Citrus sinensis, and other species are used for preparing potions against gretii.

In Panama fruits are used as laxatives. The extract of the leaves is used to treat rheumatism.

In SriLanka Ervatania dichotoma bark and leaves, bark of Mangifera indica and Ficus glomerata are boiled in coconut oil and applied to rough skin, the astringent and antiseptic.

In Tanzania, the decoction of dry stem bark is used orally for toothache. Decoction of roots is taken orally for malaria.

Mango flowers are a rich source of nectar for bees.

Cook Islands, the mango wood is used for building canoes.

Mango tree attracts birds and bees.

Mango fruit can be stored 2-3 weeks at 13 ˚ C. Unripe fruits are rich in vitamin C, and mature fruits are rich in provitamin A, B, protein, fat, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and low content of vitamin C.

References

CB Channabasavanna, CA Viraktamath - Progress in Acarology - Brill, 1989

Ivan A. Ross - Medicinal Plants of the World & ndash, Humana, 2003

Litza RE - The Mango Botany, Production and Uses - CABI, 2009

Orient Longman - Indian Medicinal Plants - South Asia Books, 1995

PK Ray - Breeding Tropical and subtropical Fruits - Springer, 2002

SD Doijode - Seed Storage of Horticultural Crops - CRC, 2001

S. Mohan Jain, Pramod K. Gupta - Protocol for Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants - Springer, 2005

SP Burg - Postharvest Physiology and Hypobaric Storage of Fresh Produce - CABI, 2004